西藏自治區文物保護研究所9日舉行2024年度西藏考古工作彙報會，公佈尚嘎崗遺址、秀瑪洞穴、噶尼遺址等“考古中國”重大專案進展情況。

據介紹，舊石器時代遺址群專案尚嘎崗遺址、秀瑪洞穴、噶尼遺址的考古發現，為解析早期人類探索和適應青藏高原的過程和適應生存策略，以及高原人群與周邊地區交往交流等提供了重要考古學證據。其中，對尚嘎崗遺址出土的石製品進行光釋光測年顯示，其文化層年代不晚於距今10萬年。秀瑪洞穴晚期石室墓為阿裡革吉縣首次發現併發掘的前吐蕃時期墓葬，年代為西元4至5世紀。噶尼遺址細石葉生產技術顯示，該遺址與我國華北地區舊石器時代晚期細石葉技術遺址特徵類似。

The first phase of the Ma Hao site unearthed the remains of typical bone tools, stone tools, mussel tools, talc beads, etc. (Photo courtesy of Tibet Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics Protection)

The archaeological discoveries of the Neolithic site group project Mahao site and Labo site show the cultural inheritance and exchange between the prehistoric people in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the surrounding areas, and provide strong evidence for the empirical evidence of the pluralism and unity of Chinese civilization. Among them, the age span of the Mahao site is from 2000 to 0 years ago, which is the highest altitude, the earliest, the longest duration, and the clearest cultural sequence of a Neolithic lakeside site in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Wooden figurines excavated from the Sandalongo cemetery. (Photo courtesy of Tibet Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics Protection)

The archaeological discoveries of the Sangdalongguo cemetery and the Kuoxiong site of the Early Metal Age Site Group Project provide important data for the archaeological research of the Early Metal Age on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among them, the Sandarongo cemetery has been used for thousands of years, and the ancestors of the cemetery have already appeared at that time, the gap between the rich and the poor, the class differentiation, and the gradual formation of the privileged class, which provides an important clue for exploring the social organization mode at that time. The transverse-ear clay pots and serpentine bronze mirrors unearthed from the Kuoxiong site are obviously similar to the serpentine bronze mirrors unearthed from the sarcophagus tomb of Guri in Xinlong County, western Sichuan Plateau, indicating that there may have been cultural exchanges between central Tibet and the surrounding areas during this period.

The scene of the southwest tower of Wenjiang ruins. (Photo courtesy of Tibet Autonomous Region Institute of Cultural Relics Protection)

During the Tubo period, a large number of glazed brick and tile building materials were unearthed, as well as pottery, stone tools, bone tools, clay sculptures, stone pillars, gravel and iron tools. The site has been used for thousands of years, and the archaeological excavation results show that the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Tang Dynasty and the surrounding areas of the Central Plains had close material and cultural exchanges during this period, which provides important information for the study of multi-ethnic exchanges and exchanges on the South Asian corridor of the "Silk Road" since the 7th century AD. (Reporter Chunla, Liu Zhoupeng)