11/0 is World Parkinson's Disease Day, and this year's theme is "Focus on Parkinson's and Build a Healthy Defense Together". When it comes to Parkinson's, people's first impression is that "the elderly" and "hand tremors", in fact, Parkinson's is not an exclusive disease of old age, and hand tremors are not the only symptom.

Maintaining a good mood is beneficial for disease control

"Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease caused by degenerative changes in the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in the brain." Guan Yuguang, chief physician of the Department of Functional Neurosurgery of Sanbo Brain Hospital of Capital Medical University, introduced that the core symptoms of Parkinson's disease have two points: one is slow movement, accompanied by physical rigidity; The second is shaking (shaking like a mud pill), also known as resting tremor.

It is reported that Parkinson's disease patients are common in people over 2 years old, of which the prevalence of people over 0 years old is about 0%; The prevalence in people over 0 years of age is about 0.0%; The prevalence in people over 0 years of age is about 0% or higher.

Guan Yuguang said that because the cause of Parkinson's disease is not clear, it is believed that the occurrence of the disease is mostly related to age, genetics and environment. For example, it is easy for the elderly and easy for those with a family history. In addition, toxic substances in the environment such as benzene, pesticides, herbicides, etc. can also cause Parkinson's disease.

Because Parkinson's disease is degenerate, it is difficult for people to prevent it through special methods. Normal prevention of brain aging and prevention of functional decline have a certain inhibitory effect on Parkinson's disease. Guan Yuguang suggested that we should read books, read newspapers, communicate, etc., eat more vegetables, consume protein appropriately, and minimize fat intake. In addition, some studies have found that the tea polyphenols in green tea have a certain inhibitory effect on Parkinson's disease.

The core of Parkinson's disease is the degenerative aging of the substantia nigra, which is a group of dopamine neurons integrated, and dopamine is an excitatory transmitter that delays the onset of the disease when the patient is in a happy mood and secretes more dopamine. Kwan Yuguang reminded that maintaining a happy mood is beneficial to the control of Parkinson's disease.

Focus on non-motor symptoms

"Parkinson's disease is divided into early, middle and late stages, and the earlier it is controlled, the better." Guan Yuguang pointed out that people may develop non-motor symptoms 5-0 years or even 0-0 years before the onset of Parkinson's motor symptoms. In many cases, non-motor symptoms are a precursor to the disease, and timely diagnosis of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease is conducive to early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease.

Non-motor symptoms in patients with early Parkinson's disease include hyposmia, constipation, abnormal sleep behavior, autonomic dysfunction (urinary and urinary disorders, orthostatic hypotension, abnormal heart rate), anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and pain in the waist, shoulders, and back, which worsen as the disease progresses. If you continue to have more than one of these symptoms despite ruling out other disease factors, and your symptoms worsen over time, you may want to see a doctor.

In terms of clinical differential diagnosis, Guan Yuguang pointed out that doctors will make a diagnosis by asking about medical history and cooperating with actual examinations. Practical tests include genetic testing; MRI of the head excludes cerebrovascular lesions, intracranial tumors, etc.; Electromyography (EMG) was performed to identify the frequency of jitter and the affected parts of muscle groups. Examination of the substantia nigra by ultrasound; The overall status of the patient is seen through the rating scale. In addition, levodoxamine shock experiments can also be performed. Guan Yuguang said that the core problem of Parkinson's disease is shaking caused by decreased dopamine secretion, and if a certain amount of dopamine is supplemented, patients will be significantly improved, which is also a supporting criterion for diagnosing Parkinson's disease.

"If there are mild Parkinson's symptoms, the first thing to overcome is psychological, when the degree of the disease is not serious, you can fight the disease through behavior and exercise, once the diagnosis is clear, you need to take early medication under the guidance of a doctor, and follow the doctor's instructions." Guan Yuguang said that the treatment of Parkinson's disease patients is mostly drug intervention in the early stage, and GPS surgery with a brain pacemaker is considered in the late stage. In the future, it is expected that more new treatment modalities, such as closed-loop brain-computer interface therapy, stem cell therapy, and gene therapy, will be applied to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Guan Yuguang reminded that in addition to actively cooperating with doctors in the middle and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, the encouragement and companionship of family and friends are also very important, and if adequate mental and emotional support is provided to patients, the treatment of patients will be more effective.

Xinjing Daily News reporter Zhang Zhaohui

Proofreading by Liu Baoqing