□ Chen Jin

There is a saying among the people of Xianyou: "One day of walking, three days of preaching." The superficial meaning of this proverb is that when you go to Hanjiang, you can talk about what you see and hear on the road for three days. It describes the rare and the strange, or the metaphor of the long and verbose words.

Among them, "Xing" is read flatly, and the pronunciation is the same as the Yangping sound of "surprise", which is equivalent to "go" (or "go") in modern Chinese; "Hantou" is today's Hanjiang River (see below for details); "Daotou" is pronounced with the dialect "Dutou", which refers to the road and on the way.

In the author's memory, in the sixties and seventies of the last century, most of the middle-aged and middle-aged neighbors were accustomed to calling Hanjiang "Hantou", while those young people who came into contact with the name of "Hanjiang Commune" from words were accustomed to calling it "Hanjiang". However, the difference between "Hantou" and "Hanjiang", which originates from the text, seems to be only one word, but in the spoken expression, the pronunciation of the word "Han" is different, resulting in the pronunciation of the phrase is not similar. The former "Han" is read flat, and the pronunciation is the same as the dialect "red", and "Hantou" is the same pronunciation as the dialect "red head"; The latter "Han" is written and read, and the pronunciation is the same as the dialect "Han", and "Hanjiang" is the pronunciation of the same dialect "Hanjiang".

According to relevant research, the "Hantou" of Hanjiang began in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the Hanjiang River area enclosed the sea to create fields, built culverts and drained waterlogs, and the people called the small place where the "culvert" was located "culverts"; The name "Hanjiang" began in the Song Dynasty and was named after Liu's excavation of the "Shuixin River". Moreover, in the official place name records, "Hanjiang" is the canonical name. For thousands of years, because Hanjiang has been only an administrative region below the "li" (historically subordinate to Yanshou, Wangjiang, Rende, etc.), the name "Hanjiang" has not been vigorously promoted by the official, and the people in various places are more accustomed to using the old name of "Hantou" in a purely colloquial language. So that in some small areas, the people only know that there is a "culvert", but do not know that there is a "Hanjiang". Of course, the name "Hanjiang" is not extinct in some areas, but the traditional folk call "Hanjiang" is different from the pronunciation of "Hanjiang" in the "Hanjiang Commune" mentioned above. The former "Han" is read flat, and the pronunciation is the same as the dialect "Hongjiang", but not the same as "Hanjiang".

Due to its geographical location, Hanjiang opened up a commercial port as early as the Song Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty, it has developed into a commercial center in Putian. Since then, it has been a thriving hub for commerce and economy. Therefore, "Hantou" is famous far and wide, and is widely known to the people in ancient and modern times. Even in the far southwest of the Xianyou borderland, it is known to women and children. "Xinghantou" is like going to a bustling city in the minds of the people, so there is the saying quoted above.

Regarding the research on the origin of the place name of "culvert", it is generally believed that its "culvert" refers to the sluice, that is, the "culvert" is named because of the sluice gate in its place. However, the author believes that this interpretation is either a deviation in the understanding of the word "Han", or the language is unclear.

The original meaning of the dialect of "culvert" is hole, and it also refers to a tunnel (culvert) for water to be crossed. In practice, there is a difference between wet and dry. "Dry" culvert" refers to holes and openings, such as "dog culvert" (dog hole) and "culvert" (hole; Ground holes) and "one hole and one culvert" ("culvert" here mostly refers to wounds), etc.; Wet "culvert" refers specifically to culvert. Since there are traditionally no manually dug culverts, and there are no culverts for burying channels, this "culvert" actually refers specifically to a ditch with an embedded roof or a part of the ditch with an embedded roof. For example, "water culvert" (Dott refers to the gutter in the housing facility), "culvert" (dot refers to the culvert under the road for water to pass, where "mao" is the mood particle that makes "culvert" realize in a piece).

Therefore, the "culvert" of "building culverts and draining" in the Tang Dynasty should refer to the ditch with an embedded roof or the part of the ditch with an embedded roof. And the place name "culvert" should also be derived from this facility, not from the sluice.

If we insist that the name of the "culvert" is related to the sluice, it is not because of the sluice facility itself, but because the sluice is roofed at the inlet or outlet (there is a "culvert").