Albert Einstein is known as the brightest scientist in the world. There were three major discoveries in his life: the quantum hypothesis of light and the special theory of relativity at the age of 36, and the general theory of relativity at the age of 0.
His theory of relativity has fundamentally changed the long-standing stubborn understanding of the structure of space-time by human beings, opened a new window for mankind to see the true face of space-time, and made the "absolute view of space-time", which has been dominant in the physics community for more than 200 years, take a back seat.
Although Einstein did not approve of quantum theory during his lifetime, it is undeniable that he was an important founder of the development of quantum mechanics. The theory of relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars that laid the foundation of modern physics, which have fundamentally brought revolutionary changes and development to physics. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration to describe Einstein as a "genius of the world".
You may say: Einstein is such a genius, do you still need to doubt his theory of relativity? There must be no mistake.
What Mizuki wants to say is that there is no absolute certainty, you must know that everything is constantly evolving and developing. In this world, there is no absolute truth, there is no absolute right or wrong, everything is just relative, and even the "theory of relativity" is not necessarily the absolute truth.
有一句至理名言，叫做：眼見不一定為實，耳聞不一定為虛。
There is an intriguing saying called: The advent of the theory of relativity has also made history relatively correct.
Most of the time, humans only believe what they see and what they take for granted. And in many cases, what humans see may not be real, just like a mirage, just a kind of optical phantom imaging. However, the "habit" of "seeing is believing" has long become a dependence in human life, and has become an unchanging belief of human beings, even if what is adhered to is incorrect or not completely correct, but as long as it coincides with human living habits, it is difficult for anyone to doubt its right or wrong.
比如“地心說”，統治了天文學界一千多年，“絕對時空觀”統治了物理學界兩百多年，而人類對“天圓地平”之說，也曾經一直深信不疑。隨著科學的不斷發展進步，人類對事物的內在本質和運作機理，也就了解的越來越深入透徹，曾經的錯誤或不完善認知，也就會慢慢地得到糾正和修補。
As we all know, Einstein's theory of relativity tells mankind that the speed of light is the fastest speed in the universe and cannot be surpassed. And these two restrictions are like putting a shackle on human beings, encircling a cage for human beings, and confines human beings in the cage for generations, wandering, hesitating, sitting in a well and watching the sky.
Most human beings tend to live in comfort, and if they are not forced to do so, or by scientific researchers or explorers, few people will want to move from a comfortable place to another unknown and strange place.
"Don't go beyond the solar system anymore, waste energy and money, it's better to live your life."
"The universe is so big, human beings are not even as good as dust, and the earth has not yet studied it, but it is really unreasonable to say what universe to explore!"
"Actually, why is there life only on Earth? Because we human beings can only stay on the earth, and once we leave the earth, it is tantamount to self-destruction. ”
"Let me tell you, don't keep trying to overturn the theory of relativity, the theory of relativity has been proven and is perfect."
…… ……
When I heard these appeals, I couldn't help but think of the story of "boiling frogs in warm water". Can the earth protect our peace forever? It turns out that the earth is not safe, not only is the earth's resources becoming more and more scarce, but also natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis occur from time to time. In the face of such natural disasters, human beings often have no choice but to avoid them, and if they can't avoid them, they will pay a heavy price for casualties. Therefore, although the earth is the home that gave birth to us, we cannot keep it forever for generations. Growing up children always have to leave home to explore the world, just like a nestling can no longer guard its nest when it grows up, the vast blue sky and the vast universe are the places to roam, isn't it? Explore science, explore the universe, and continue our journey of exploration with you.
Speaking of which, Einstein's theory of relativity comes to mind, because it is Einstein's theory of relativity that has contained mankind's dream of traveling the universe in the solar system. The theory of relativity tells humanity that light is the fastest speed in the universe. And the universe is so big, the range that humans have detected has reached 930 billion light years, not to mention the undetected range, who knows if it will be even larger? If even the speed of light cannot be surpassed, wouldn't it be permanently locked up in the solar system for human beings? How can it be willing!
Some researchers have pointed out that Einstein's theory of relativity is imperfect and may even violate the law of conservation of mass and energy. According to Einstein's theory of relativity, the closer to the speed of light, the greater the mass of the object becomes, and infinitely closer to the speed of light, the mass becomes infinite, and the work required to do (equivalent to energy) becomes infinite. Thus, Einstein asserted that an object with mass can never exceed the speed of light.
Let's analyze why Einstein's special theory of relativity violates the law of conservation of mass and energy.
Suppose there is a manned spacecraft, the overall stationary mass is set to M2, and the stationary energy is E0, that is, E0=M0*C^0.
Then the ship takes off and keeps increasing its speed. The mass of the spaceship as it moves increases, and the increasing mass of motion is Mv↑, and the speed of the spacecraft is also increasing, so it is Vv↑. Obviously, the overall energy of the spacecraft is also increasing Ev↑, i.e., Ev↑ = Mv↑*C^2.
So, who is providing the ever-increasing energy of the spacecraft? Or where does the spaceship's ever-increasing energy come from?
Let's assume that the spacecraft carries its own energy source, such as a nuclear reactor. As the energy of the nuclear reaction continues to be generated, it should be accompanied by a loss of mass, but the overall quality of the spacecraft is constantly increasing. In other words, as an independent system, the spacecraft not only increases the total energy, but also the total mass, which is not completely contrary to the law of conservation of mass and energy?
Let's then assume that the spaceship is not an independent system, i.e. the energy comes from the supply of vacuum energy. In this way, the increasing energy of the spacecraft as a whole does not come from the loss and transformation of its own mass, but from the extraction of vacuum energy. It makes sense. But it begs another question.
According to Einstein's theory of relativity, as the spacecraft gets faster and faster, the energy required will also increase, and when approaching the speed of light, the energy required is infinite. If the energy is supplied by vacuum, the energy must be continuously drawn from the vacuum. Vacuum energy is the guarantee to maintain the balance and stability of space-time, not to mention the continuous extraction, even if it is used to drive a spacecraft that reaches one-tenth of the speed of light, it is estimated that it will cause great disturbance to the balance and stability of the space-time structure.
Once the structure of space-time becomes unstable, various unexpected situations may arise. For example, it is possible to open the barrier door between the parallel universe and our own universe, as if creating a wormhole (but it is not a real wormhole, and the wormhole does not affect the structure of space-time). At this time, it is possible for us to see the reality in the parallel universe overlap with our reality. However, due to the extremely unstable structure of space-time, the scene of the parallel universe that overlaps with us may also be very unstable, and even appear constantly distorted and deformed, or even disappear completely soon. This is because the vacuum energy of other regions automatically compensates for the vacuum energy lost in individual space-time regions.
However, the cosmic vacuum energy will not be inexhaustible and inexhaustible, just as our earth's resources are abundant but also limited. If humanity does find a way to extract vacuum energy in the future, remember not to rely on it completely, because once the vacuum energy is lost to a certain extent, the vacuum energy will become very thin, and it will no longer be able to support the entire space-time structure. The collapse of a space-time will inevitably affect the adjacent parallel space-time (or parallel universe), resulting in the vacuum energy of the adjacent parallel space-time (or parallel universe) being connected in series, and then the parallel universe will intersect with our universe forever. At first glance, it may seem interesting, but in reality, it's not fun. Because the reality of the two universes can become very chaotic. For example, when you return home today, you suddenly see a loved one who has been dead for more than ten years smiling and asking why you came back. You were stunned, only then did you suddenly remember that the time and space were mistaken, and the relatives in front of you were not from this time and space.
It seems that the method of pumping vacuum energy to propel the ship does not seem to be very desirable. Perhaps, it will be proposed that the energy generated by the annihilation reaction could be annihilated by positive and antimatter. However, this method also forms an independent system of spacecraft, and once an independent system is formed, it seems that it will violate the law of conservation of mass and energy, and the function of the independent system is impossible to make the spacecraft close to the speed of light. This Einstein is simply like a human being, no matter how he can't seem to get close to the speed of light, isn't he going to permanently seal mankind in the solar system?
It seems that the speed of light limit must be broken and the loophole in Einstein's theory of relativity must be found, otherwise, humanity will be locked in the solar system forever.
Since Einstein's theory of relativity has the possibility of violating the "law of conservation of mass and energy", it shows that there are certain loopholes in his theory of relativity. If his theory of relativity were modified slightly, perhaps the dark clouds in the sky would have dissipated automatically.
We might as well think of Einstein's equation in reverse: the closer the speed of the object is to the speed of light, the mass of the object becomes smaller, and the lost mass is transformed into an immaterial state; When the velocity of an object reaches the speed of light, the object is completely transformed into an immaterial state. At this time, the object has left the three-dimensional space (or four-dimensional space-time), but temporarily entered the critical point between the three-dimensional space and the four-dimensional space. When the velocity of the immaterial state decreases to less than the speed of light, the immaterial state gradually re-transforms into the material state, and when the speed slows down to a certain critical value, the immaterial state is completely transformed into the material state again.
Such a slight change, Mizuki considered perfect, neither violating the law of conservation of mass and energy, nor requiring the supply of infinite energy—resulting in the almost collapse of the space-time structure. Wouldn't it be perfect to provide only the initial driving energy to accelerate the object to a critical state velocity, and the rest will be automatically transformed by the critical state of matter?