Diaoyu City Jiadantu Ruins South Water Army Wharf. (Photo courtesy of Chongqing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology)

　　本報訊 （新重慶-重慶日報記者 李晟）3月20日，國家文物局啟動了2024年度全國十大考古新發現初評工作，重慶合川釣魚城加擔土遺址赫然在列。這座沉睡千年的古戰場遺址，以其獨特的山城防禦體系和豐富的歷史遺存，再次引發學界關注。

　　站在海拔近400米的釣魚山上俯瞰，嘉陵江如玉帶縈繞，三面絕壁形似天塹。這座始建於13世紀的軍事要塞，憑藉因地制宜的防禦智慧，書寫了南宋守城軍民抵禦元軍40載的傳奇。自2006年啟動大規模調查、勘探和發掘以來，考古工作者在釣魚城累計清理城牆、城門、碼頭等南宋軍事設施近4萬平方米，出土礌石、鐵火雷等珍貴文物數千件。

Yuan Dongshan, the person in charge of the excavation of the site and a researcher at the Chongqing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, introduced that through large-scale investigation and exploration, archaeological experts have preliminarily grasped the basic situation of the structure, distribution and staging of the city defense system of the Southern Song Dynasty Mountain City in Diaoyu City, and have successively excavated the ancient tunnel, Nanyizi City, Jiukouguo, Bodaoling, Wudao Yamen, Ma'anshan and the East Inner City Wall and other urban defense sites, excavated and cleaned up a large number of important urban defense facilities such as the Southern Song Dynasty city wall, city gates, wharves and high platforms, etc. The city defense system of the Southern Song Dynasty Mountain City, the site of Diaoyu City, has continuously made important gains and new breakthroughs.

In the Song and Yuan wars of the 13th century, Diaoyu City was one of the key pillars of the mountain city defense system in the Bashu region of the Southern Song Dynasty. The soldiers and civilians in the city created the miracle of defeating the Mongol iron cavalry with mountain fortifications, which had an extremely important impact on the wars and current situation of the Song and Yuan dynasties and the entire Eurasian continent.

In 3 years, the archaeological excavation of Diaoyu City Jiadan Tu site cleaned up and revealed more than 0 relics, involving the Southern Song Dynasty mountain city defense system for the city gate 0 (ring city gate, inner city gate 0 each), city wall 0 sections, high platform 0 and road 0, of which Qinghua Gate is the first archaeological discovery of Diaoyu City Southern Song Dynasty ring city gate, and with it as the core, combined with the surrounding city wall, high platform, etc. to form a city defense structure similar to the inner and outer double urn city, making up for the important missing link of the city defense system of the Southern Song Dynasty mountain city of Diaoyu City.

The city defense system revealed by archaeology at the Jiadantu site is composed of "one-word city + ring city + inner city". This composite design of "outside the city and city within the city" has formed a strategic advantage of "controlling the three rivers, easy to defend and difficult to attack".

In the dissection of the GT1 platform at the Jiadan soil site, archaeologists found the exquisiteness of the rammed earth and stone wrapping process in the Song Dynasty: the wall was rammed with reddish-brown clay mixed with miscellaneous stones, and some stones were directly filled in instead of rammed earth, and the edging stone wall was built with large wedge-shaped stone staggered joints and stepped layers of adduction. The south and west of the high platform are separately built with edging stone walls, and the north and east are directly relying on the tall city wall as the edging stone walls, so that the city wall can save materials and ensure strength. Even more striking is the reuse of Song Dynasty relics during the construction of the Qing Dynasty cottage – craftsmen only add a thin layer of stone walls on the outside to transform the steep rammed earth slope into a strong fortification, and this "symbiosis of old and new" construction wisdom runs through the entire site.

　　於2023年發掘的西北部古地道，則揭開了宋元戰爭最慘烈的一頁。這條全長百余米的地下坑道，主道呈倒“凸”字形，內壁留有明顯鑿痕與支撐木孔洞。據考證，這是元軍為潛入城內挖掘的地道，卻因南宋守軍的反地道戰術功虧一簣。如今殘存的凹形底面，仍能讓人感受到當年雙方在地底展開的生死較量。