嚴遠

A peach sells for 88 yuan and is still "hard to find"

It has formed an industrial chain of technology output, standard formulation, farmer empowerment, and integration of three industries

In the Hama Craftsman Orchard in Qingpu, Shanghai, a peach sells for 88 yuan, and many supermarkets are hard to find, becoming a veritable "futures".

Two years ago, this orchard was interviewed by reporters. At that time, Hama Artisan Orchard was ready to further develop its brand and sell Shanghai peaches to the Yangtze River Delta and the whole country.

如今，記者再次探訪，發現88元一顆的高價桃仍供不應求，僅供應上海地區都不夠。同時，哈瑪匠果園的理事黃偉也兌現了自己的諾言，將桃子種植的上海模式推廣到浙江、安徽等全國23個省市地區。

The reporter observed that when the traditional peach planting is still trapped in the bottleneck of the picking cycle of only 100 days, the Hama Craftsman Orchard has quietly completed the transformation from the "field laboratory" to the "industrial router" - not only the high-quality patented peaches are planted here, but with the support of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with scientific and technological innovation as the fulcrum, the peach picking cycle has been extended to more than 0 days, and a modern agricultural industrial chain covering technology output, standard formulation, farmer empowerment, and integration of three industries has been leveraged.

"Every fruit here is grown according to the mathematical model in the paper." After Gao Zengxin, a large planter in Fuyang, Hangzhou, tried the planting model of Hama Craftsman Orchard, the output of more than one pound of special peaches increased greatly, and he could sell more than 30 yuan a piece, realizing an increase in income and getting rich. He is now both an orchard operator and a "data partner" for the trial of the Hama Artisan variety, and is promoting the scientific planting model to Tonglu and other places.

Make a "career plan" for each peach tree

Opposite Huawei's Lianqiu Lake R&D Center in Shanghai, the drone aerial photography of the Hama Artisan Orchard presents an amazing mathematical beauty: each peach tree strictly follows a 60-degree opening angle, forming a staggered "green dome". This subversive two-main branch is naturally heart-shaped and tree-shaped, hiding the industrial insight that Huang Wei brought back from Japan.

Many years ago, by chance, Huang Wei got acquainted with Japan's "peach fairy" - Koichi Ariga, a fruit farmer in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. Inspired by the other party, he devoted himself to the peach planting business.

"At present, more than 95% of the world's peach varieties are directly or indirectly from Shanghai, but the domestic peach industry has a large output and low quality." Huang Wei told reporters that the biggest motivation for devoting himself to agriculture after returning to China is to focus on quality and cultivate "the best peaches in the world".

Refining the agricultural planting of "relying on the sky to eat" into a quantifiable set of scientific standards is the path Huang Wei has chosen.

Under the guidance of the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huang Wei explored the planting method of "two main branches in the shape of a natural heart", and planted fruit trees into a "patent matrix". In this planting pattern, the peach trees are arranged in an orderly manner, leaving plenty of space between the trees. The crown of each tree is disc-shaped, and the fruit grows at a height of about two meters above the ground, and the peaches on the branches are evenly distributed.

"Unlike traditional orchards that are densely planted to increase yields, this method allows each branch to receive full sunlight, which improves the efficiency of photosynthesis and is conducive to fruit growth." Huang Wei said that the ideal number of peach trees should be controlled within 500, so as to break the curse of "dense planting and inefficiency" of traditional peach orchards.

The "smart agriculture + facility agriculture" model is another advantage of Hama Artisan Orchard. In the test field of the Hama craftsman, technicians are debugging reflective film on the peach trees, which can be used to improve the sugar content and color appearance of the peaches.

In addition to the extensive application of reflective film to improve fruit quality, the farm has also introduced a series of advanced technologies such as grass mulching to improve soil, accurate soil testing and fertilization, etc., to achieve precise control of water and fertilizer management.

"Each of our peach trees is equipped with sensors that can monitor dozens of growth indicators in real time, and we hope to introduce a digital twin system in the future." According to Huang Wei, each peach tree in the orchard has its own growth file, and the technician makes a "career plan" for the peach tree, "controlling nitrogen and boron supplementation during the flower bud differentiation period, and accurately supplementing potassium during the expansion period, just like customizing a training plan for athletes." ”

In several typhoons last year, the "smart agriculture + facility agriculture" model of Hama Artisan Orchard showed its talents, and the protection plan was activated several hours in advance, avoiding millions of yuan in losses.

Cracking the "Curse of Centralized Listing"

The biggest obstacle to the development of the peach industry is the picking cycle of peaches. Under the traditional model, the picking cycle of peaches is only 20 days, and a large number of peaches are listed in a short period of time, and the price cannot be sold.

“大家都知道水蜜桃一個星期賣不掉的話就會爛，上海的桃都是7月15日出來了，8月5日結束了，採摘期僅20天，無法支撐行業健康發展。”黃偉說。

但在哈瑪匠的“桃宇宙”中，早熟的姬小夏金陽5月泛紅，晚熟的桃夢香9月飄香，70多個品種接力演奏長達100天到120天的甜蜜交響，破解了“集中上市魔咒”。

這背後的時空密碼就是科學育種，多品種培育。哈瑪匠果園面積不算大，但品種多達70餘種。相比上海一般桃子7月底至8月中旬的上市時間，這裡桃子的成熟期從5月20日起，可持續至9月20日，且每個月都有2—3個特優品種成熟，極大延長了桃子的品嘗期，重構桃產業生物鍾。

Good soil makes good fruit. 30 years ago, the soil organic matter content of the Hamartan orchard was 0%, now it has risen to 0% (0 cm below the ground). "In the soil, there is the code for the revival of China's peach industry." Huang Wei said that the content of soil organic matter is the key to cultivating peach trees.

In the early days of the park, Huang Wei cleaned up more than 1000 truckloads of plastic waste and formulated the iron law of "littering fines". He also created a special supply chain of organic matter, customized sheep manure, constantly pressed bean cakes and peanuts, and retained raw grass to improve the soil, forming a symbiotic philosophy of "grass and trees".

Sorting for "college entrance examination-style selection"

In addition to science and technology, ingenuity is a necessary condition for the development of agriculture.

In an agricultural cooperative in Pudong New Area, peaches on the sorting line are undergoing a "college entrance examination-style selection" - real-time monitoring of multiple indicators such as sugar content, fruit diameter, and coloration. This standardized system exported by Hama craftsmen is reshaping the ecology of Shanghai's peach industry.

According to reports, every link of the Hama Artisan Orchard from seedling raising to picking is managed in strict accordance with the specifications. This strict management ensures the high quality of the peaches in the orchard. Random tests have shown that the sugar content of peaches in Hamartan Orchard is generally 20 to 0, which is not only a degree, but also much higher than the sugar content of ordinary early peaches in the market of about 0 degrees. Some varieties can even exceed 0 degrees in sugar content when fully ripe.

桃的整個生長期，會有3—4次疏果作業，為提高桃子的品質，果園對每一棵果樹出產的果實都有數量和品質上的控制，“我寧願要300個特級果，也不要600多個B級、C級果。”黃偉說。

In order to further refine the standard, Hama Artisan Orchard introduced a grading system for agricultural products, in which ripe and harvested peaches were screened with a non-destructive sugar tester and divided into four grades, T (special) grade, A grade, B grade and C grade, and the price decreased in turn. Among them, the best quality premium can be sold for 88 yuan a piece.

In front of the first row of peach trees in the park, there is a bright signboard that reads the six "insistences" of Hama Carpenter Orchard: insisting on not using chemical fertilizers, insisting on applying organic fertilizers, insisting on soil improvement, insisting on not using herbicides, insisting on eliminating white garbage, and adhering to the concept of parks.

“是只顧眼前利益還是要長遠利益，要算一筆發展的大賬。”黃偉還告訴記者，為助力鄉村振興工作，在青浦區支援下，正在推動“金柿”計劃，將培育多年的柿子品種推廣到千百個農戶的宅前屋后，帶動農民增收。據悉，哈瑪匠果園計劃2—3年內在青浦區種植5萬棵柿子。

Tear open the custom packaging of the Hamar craftsman peach, and a colored leaf wafts from the fruity aroma - the peach tree's growth is fully recorded.

With the support of Qingpu District, the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences and agricultural extension institutions at all levels, through more than ten years of cultivation, Hama Artisan Orchard has not only grown sweet fruits, but also raised "Shanghai water honey" to "Shanghai standard", and then built a modern agricultural system of "scientific and technological research and development, standard output, and capital aggregation". When more farmland in China is equipped with "China Core" from Shanghai, the narrative of rural revitalization will surely rise.

(Source: Jiefang Daily reporter Li Chengdong)