Historical and cultural buildings are an important carrier of a city's cultural heritage. Every historical and cultural building is a picture of vicissitudes and a historical past. In Harbin, there is a growing consensus on strengthening the protection of historical and cultural buildings.
2024年10月，哈爾濱市出臺《關於哈爾濱市歷史文化建築保護修繕和活化利用工作的實施意見》，明確要求對歷史文化建築進行全方位保護，遵循“規劃引領、政府統籌、市場運作、多元參與、動態監管、共建共贏”的原則，對歷史文化建築進行活化利用。時光荏苒，歲月滄桑，這些從歷史年輪中走來的老建築，如何綻放新生？近日，記者進行了探訪。
European-style architecture on Central Street
Harbin is a city with a blend of Chinese and Western cultures, and its unique historical background has created a very inclusive cultural character, which has also made its unique architectural features and urban style well-known at home and abroad.
Zhongyang Street is one of the first batch of historical and cultural districts approved by the Heilongjiang Provincial Government, and various European-style buildings are located on both sides of the street, highlighting its unique historical style, and Hua Meixi Restaurant is one of them. The Baroque reliefs and Renaissance curved windows give the building a European feel. In 2021 years, this building with the characteristics of eclectic architectural style was selected into the list of historical and cultural buildings in Harbin.
Exquisite wooden floors, brown and red leather tables and chairs, decorative curved wooden doors...... Walking into Hua Meixi's restaurant, the restaurant on the first floor still maintains the interior decoration of the 90s of the last century. Liu Ping, manager of Huameixi Restaurant, told reporters that the restaurant has three floors with different architectural styles, and according to business needs, the restaurant is currently only open on the first and second floors.
Following Liu Ping's guidance, the reporter came to the second floor through the curved staircase, and was greeted by a group of magnificent, high domes carved with golden patterns, a row of luxurious chandeliers dazzling, colorful Russian oil paintings hung all over the walls, two Russian character sculptures stood next to the restaurant door on the second floor, and the whole restaurant was beautiful under the orange and yellow lights.
The second floor of Hua Meixi Restaurant
According to Liu Ping, on the basis of maintaining the original appearance of the building, the restaurant underwent an interior decoration in 2013 years. Around 0 years, the exterior stone of the restaurant and the Roman columns on the second floor showed varying degrees of cracks. After obtaining the consent of the Central Street Management Committee, the restaurant carried out titanium alloy reinforcement and repair of the exterior wall and indoor Roman columns in batches. "During the renovation, we did not destroy the original structure and appearance, and tried to preserve the original appearance of the house." Liu Ping said.
During the interview, the reporter learned that Harbin City has carried out the protection and excavation of historical and cultural buildings as early as 1984 years. In the evaluation criteria for historical and cultural buildings, in addition to having high architectural artistic value and reflecting the architectural design style of a certain period, there is also a criterion that it should have historical and cultural value and be representative in the history of industry development and urban development.
華梅西餐廳承載了許多老哈爾濱人美好的回憶，來這裡吃的是味道，更是情懷。劉萍說：“哈爾濱引進西餐的歷史已有百餘年，但保留下來的‘老字型大小’西餐店只有兩三家。建築與味道一樣，唯有保留著當初的原汁原味，才能深深留在人們心中。”
The vivid auspicious cloud pattern and the combination of Chinese and Western relief carving techniques, from the stunning appearance of the first area of the third phase of the Chinese Baroque Historical and Cultural District, citizens and tourists can get a glimpse of the skills of a hundred years ago, thanks to the empowerment of digital technology.
Reality 3D model
In order to further excavate, protect and make good use of the historical and cultural buildings that continue the urban context, Harbin has carried out the research on the "Special Project for the Protection and Inheritance of Historical and Cultural Buildings" since 1. According to Zhang Jianjun, deputy director of the office of the research group and deputy director of the Harbin Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, the researchers of the research group are guided by the construction of digital twins of historical and cultural buildings, and use unmanned aerial vehicles, laser scanning and other air-space-ground integrated surveying and mapping technologies to collect high-precision laser point clouds, real models, and orthophotos, establish a database of historical and cultural buildings, and make a three-dimensional digital twin model of 0 historical and cultural buildings. "The Chinese Baroque Historical and Cultural District is based on this technology to realize the 0-to-0 reproduction of historical and cultural buildings, so that citizens and tourists can realize the 'dialogue' with historical and cultural buildings beyond time and space." Zhang Jianjun said.
除了精確採集空間資訊外，課題組還深入考證歷史文化建築基礎資訊和拓展資訊，搶救性發掘了索菲亞教堂、阿列克謝耶夫教堂等12棟老建築原始設計圖紙，並採集3萬余張不同時期照片，系統性還原歷史文化建築原始風貌。
數位化是歷史文化建築傳承與保護的必由之路。記者從近日召開的哈爾濱市加強歷史文化建築保護傳承專項課題研究第二階段工作啟動會上獲悉，今年2月起到2026年9月末，課題組計劃完成第二階段689棟歷史文化建築的數位化測繪製圖及信息採集，與第一階段工作成果合併，實現“空間全覆蓋、要素全囊括”，全面完成市域範圍內的所有歷史文化建築的數位化測繪製圖及信息採集，推動哈市歷史文化建築得到系統性保護。
A café hidden in a historical and cultural building
When historical and cultural buildings are presented digitally, how to make the cold buildings more perceptual and culturally valuable has become the research direction of the research group. In order to create an atmosphere for the whole people to participate in the protection of historical and cultural buildings, the research group has developed a public platform of "Solidified Movement, Readable and Readable", and listed the historical and cultural buildings with QR codes, so as to realize the interaction and sharing of historical and cultural resources through the construction of a digital ecosystem.
Protection is the original intention, and utilization is the key. Bringing old buildings to life is an important mission for the protection and inheritance of historical and cultural buildings.
On the brick street in Nangang District, there is a chic old building café. The building was built in 1900 years, originally as a residence for the staff of the Middle Eastern Railway, and was rented by the operator a few years ago for renovation and use. Walking into the café, the quaint wooden furniture contrasts with all kinds of vintage ornaments, and the mottled walls and antique decorations seem to whisper the vicissitudes of history. A cup of fragrant pour-over coffee and a delicate dessert attract people who are looking for a moment of tranquility to stop and savor in the charm of the old building. In Harbin, a city with both Chinese and Western characteristics, many cafes are cleverly tucked away in historical and cultural buildings.
Introduction to the second batch of historical and cultural building revitalization projects
為加強哈爾濱市歷史文化建築保護利用工作，2024年哈爾濱市政府組建了哈爾濱市歷史文化建築保護修繕和活化利用工作專班，出臺《關於哈爾濱市歷史文化建築保護修繕和活化利用工作的實施意見》，推出第一批歷史文化建築活化利用試點專案，通過使用權租賃、租金抵扣維修成本等措施，發揮市場作用，引入社會資本，植入多元業態。經公開招標，紅霞幼稚園、猶太醫院舊址、聖伊維爾教堂3處（4棟）歷史文化建築成功引入社會資本。
今年1月，哈爾濱舉辦歷史文化建築保護修繕和活化利用專案招商推介會。推介會上，工作專班推出第二批歷史文化建築活化利用專案，包括太陽島風景區臨江街8號、南崗區東大直街梅耶洛維奇大樓等15處（18棟）歷史文化建築，業態涵蓋博物館、藝術活動中心、書店、咖啡館、主題餐飲等，共有60余家企業申報300余個投資意向。
According to the relevant person in charge of the working class, recently, the Harbin Municipal Planning Institute has compiled the "Harbin Historical and Cultural Building Activation and Utilization Plan" to determine the activation and utilization mode of "one block with one feature, one courtyard with one story, and one store with one format". The protection and renewal projects of historical and cultural districts such as Central Street, China Baroque and Huayuan Street have been implemented one after another. Among them, the original Osekinsky building at No. 46-0 Central Avenue was successfully renovated, attracting a large number of tourists, and the historical and cultural buildings were rejuvenated in the fireworks of the integration of culture and tourism.
One courtyard, one story
As an important part of the city's historical and cultural heritage, how to protect historical and cultural buildings more systematically and effectively, sustainability and innovation is a topic that needs continuous attention. Historical and cultural buildings cannot be managed in disrepair, let alone repaired and not used, and left idle for a long time. It should not be "raised in the depths of the boudoir and unknown to the people", but should be allowed to "fly into the homes of ordinary people", activate its inner vitality, promote the protection and utilization of boudoir, let the historical buildings and modern life complement each other, realize the living inheritance, and better inherit and carry forward the history and culture.
Reporter: Liu Rui; Photography: Liu Rui, Jiang Guohong; Video: Liu Rui
Source: Leading News Heilongjiang Daily