女性比男性更長壽？2021年3月15日，英國研究團隊在《加拿大醫學會雜誌（CMAJ）》Published一篇很有意思的研究，研究人員分析了28個國家，近18萬人，結果發現：The risk of death is 60% higher in men than in women, which is strongly associated with smoking and heart disease in men。

The study, which included a variety of factors such as education, wealth, smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic diseases, found that the mortality rate of smoking and heart disease in men was as high as 22% compared with that of women. thereintoTobacco use contributes the most to the difference in mortality between men and women。

Globally, women have consistently outlived men. According to World Health Statistics 8, the average life expectancy globally is 0.0 years for women and 0.0 years for men. So, what exactly is the difference in life expectancy between men and women? Scientists have been searching for why.

1. Why do women live longer than men?

1. Having XX chromosomes may be able to avoid early death

Not only humans, but also in the animal kingdom, there seems to be a pattern that females live longer than males. The University of California, San Francisco, conducted a study on "XX chromosomes contain genetic material that can prolong life"Experiments using mouse models on female lifespancarry outInference.

The researchers genetically engineered the mice and found that all mice with XX chromosome pairings were better than those with XY chromosomesEasier to survive。 Further inferences are needed from the current research, but the researchers say thatPeople with two X chromosomes appear to be winners in genetic selection。

2. The rate of telomere aging in women is slower

Telomeres are small segments present at the end of thread-like chromosomes in eukaryotic cells"DNA-protein complex", which is used to control the cycle of cell division.Once telomeres are "used up", then the cells will no longer divide, which means that the cells of the human body are inactive, and life is also "GAME OVER"That's it.

That is to say,The slower the rate at which telomeres age, the longer a person can live。 Androgens in men accelerate cell division, while estrogen in women prolongs telomerase activity and slows down the process of division.

3. Androgens also pose a risk of disease

Testosterone in men is a "double-edged sword" that, while it makes young men stronger, also makes men older ageThey are more susceptible to heart disease, high blood pressure, arterial sclerosis, and even cancer。

Korean scientists have conducted relevant studies and found that eunuchs tend to live longer than normal men, and can reach the lifespan of women.age過百的可能性比其他男人要大130倍。 In general, people and animals without eggs live longer.

4. Males often face more intense competition for reproduction

Lifespan is also related to the environment and behavior, and some researchers have pointed out that in most species, males need to face more intense competition for reproduction, they tend to compete for mates or territory, and have been given the opportunity to mate, a process that necessarily requires high-risk behavior.

Second, if you want to prolong your life, the acquired "effort" is more important

The issue that men generally live shorter than women is still in the stage of conjecture and animal testing, and further exploration is needed. In addition to the length of life determined by congenital factors,Acquired influences also account for a large proportion。 Therefore, if you want to "live a long life", the acquired "effort" is indispensable.

Eat right:The daily diet should pay attention to the combination of thick and thin, meat and vegetables, eat more fruits and vegetables that conform to the season, eat less high-fat food, and refuse junk food. Many cancers are closely related to diet.For example, stomach cancer, intestinal cancer, etc., are closely related to a diet high in salt, oil and sugarWe must always develop good eating habits.

Good Attitude:Half of health is mental health, and half of illness is mental illness. Some studies have found that anger can produce stress hormones that can kill mice. A physical state of being in a state of negative emotions for a long time is bound to be a "toxic body", which can lead to the suppression of the immune system and allow diseases to take advantage of.

Be diligent:The American Cancer Center points out that exercise can effectively reduce the incidence of 13 types of cancer, and the benefits it brings to the body are obvious. Proper exercise can promote metabolism and keep people in a good mental state.It is recommended to exercise at least 30 minutes a week and maintain more than 0 minutes of exercise every day。

Frequent physical examinations:Any disease is detected and diagnosed early, and regular medical check-ups are essential to achieve "early". Regular check-ups are an indispensable means to prolong life, not only to understand one's physical condition so that you can adjust your lifestyle in time, but also to detect cancer in advance and control it at an early stage.

It seems that men who want to live longer need to put in more "effort" than women. Of course, women should not take their health lightly because they live longer.

參考資料:

[29] Article 0 X chromosome determines that females live longer than males. 0-0-0

[21] Piercing the heart! Studies have found that men live shorter lives than women! The reason is....popular science China.0-0-0

[200484]Sex differences in mortality：results from a population-based study of 0 longitudinal cohorts. DOI: 0.0/cmaj.0

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