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What radiation does we have around us?

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Fallout knowledge

01

What is Fallout?

Radiation refers to the general term for energy (such as acoustic radiation, thermal radiation, electromagnetic radiation, particle radiation, etc.) that is emitted to the surrounding space or matter in the form of waves or particles and propagates in it.

Radiation is divided into two categories: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. α rays, β rays, γ rays, X-rays, protons, and neutrons are ionizing radiation, while infrared, ultraviolet, microwave, and laser light are non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is often referred to simply as radiation or radiation exposure. Radioisotopes emit one type of radiation when they decay: α rays, β rays, and γ rays. There is also neutron radiation, which is not produced by decay, but mainly by nuclear reactions.

02

What is the radiation around you?

Humans are exposed to natural and sometimes man-made sources of radiation at all times.

①

Irradiation from natural sources of radiation

Radionuclides are present in the food we eat, the houses we live in, the sky and the earth, the mountains, the rivers, the grass and trees, and even the human body. The first source of natural radiation exposure is cosmic rays; The second source is radiolinear elements in soil, rocks, and drinking water.

②

Irradiation from artificial radiation sources

X-rays, smoking, etc., can be exposed to the above-mentioned artificial radiation. The largest source of radiation exposure in daily life is medical exposure.

03

How does radiation expose the human body?

There are two main ways and ways of radiation exposure to the human body, one is the internal radiation formed by ingesting radioactive substances to the human body or some organs or tissues of the human body, and the other is the external radiation of the human body in the space radiation field.

Internal radiation is the radiation produced by radionuclides entering the body. Radionuclides can enter the body by inhalation (radioactive gas), ingestion (water or food contaminated with radionuclides, or indirectly by contaminated hands), through mucocutaneous membranes, or through wounds.

The radiation generated by the radiation source outside the human body is called external radiation. External exposure is mainly caused by γ or X-rays, neutrons, and β rays.

04

How can I reduce radiation?

The main source of radiation in daily life is medical exposure, and doctors can be required to use personal protective equipment to protect non-irradiated parts when carrying out necessary medical exposure.

Radon is a natural radioactive gas harmful to the human body, radon and its progeny are present in some buildings, and indoor radon concentrations can be reduced by strengthening indoor ventilation.

Contributed by Guo Huozhong