Hypoglycemic drugs are an important tool for diabetic patients to control blood sugar, and their principles involve promoting insulin secretion, increasing insulin sensitivity, and inhibiting glucose absorption. During the period of taking hypoglycemic drugs, patients should strictly follow the doctor's instructions, pay attention to diet, exercise and lifestyle adjustments, and pay close attention to the side effects of the drugs to ensure efficacy and safety.

First, the principle of hypoglycemic herbs

The principle of action of hypoglycemic drugs mainly includes the following aspects:

1.Promotes insulin secretion:

Sulfonylureas and non-sulfonylurea insulinotropic secretions lower blood sugar levels by stimulating β cells in the pancreas to release more insulin. These drugs are suitable for patients with still pancreatic islet function, and can increase the secretion of insulin to meet the body's need for insulin.

2.Increases pancreatic insulin sensitivity:

Metformin and thiazolidinediones lower blood sugar levels by increasing the sensitivity of muscle and fat tissues to insulin, allowing these tissues to use blood sugar more efficiently. These drugs are indicated for people with insulin resistance and can improve the efficiency of insulin use.

3.Inhibition of glucose absorption:

α-glucosidase inhibitors delay the rate of carbohydrate absorption by inhibiting the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugars in the small intestine, thereby reducing the rapid rise in postprandial blood glucose. These drugs are used in people with elevated blood sugar after a meal and can reduce the peak blood sugar after a meal.

4.Other options :

Hypoglycemic drugs also include SGLT2 inhibitors, which lower blood sugar by causing the kidneys to release more glucose. In addition, some drugs can reduce endogenous glucose production, such as thiazolidinediones, which lower blood sugar by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver.

2. Precautions during the taking of hypoglycemic drugs

During the period of taking hypoglycemic drugs, patients should pay attention to the following aspects:

1.Take your medication as prescribed:Strictly follow the doctor's dosage and schedule, and do not adjust the dose or stop the drug without authorization. Unauthorized adjustments can lead to fluctuations in blood sugar, which is not conducive to diabetes management.

2.Diet Control:Arrange your diet reasonably, avoid high-sugar and high-fat foods, and consume more foods with high fiber content, such as vegetables and fruits. Blood glucose should be kept within a certain range two hours after a meal.

3.Discipline Exercise:Moderate exercise can help improve blood sugar levels. It is recommended to do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, combined with strength training. It is important to note that excessive exercise may cause hypoglycemia.

4.Monitor blood glucose:Measure your blood sugar regularly and record your daily blood glucose value so that your doctor can evaluate the effectiveness of your treatment and adjust your plan. Some patients may require frequent measurements.

5.Watch out for side effects:Hypoglycemic drugs may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort and low blood sugar. If you experience severe discomfort or suspect a drug allergy, seek medical attention immediately.

6.Periodic Inspections:Regular fundus examinations and kidney function tests are performed to prevent complications. Some hypoglycemic drugs may affect liver and kidney function, so these tests are particularly important.

In conclusion, hypoglycemic drugs help diabetic patients control blood glucose levels by promoting insulin secretion, increasing insulin sensitivity, inhibiting glucose absorption, and other mechanisms. During the period of taking hypoglycemic drugs, patients should strictly follow the doctor's instructions, pay attention to diet, exercise and lifestyle adjustments, and pay close attention to the side effects of the drugs to ensure efficacy and safety. Through scientific medication and comprehensive management, diabetic patients can effectively control blood sugar and prevent complications.