With the continuous progress of science and technology, our exploration of the universe has become more and more in-depth, and the mystery of many cosmic phenomena has gradually been revealed. In this article, we will introduce ten unique stars in the universe, including the brightest and most explosive stars, the fastest stars, the most unstable stars, the oldest stars, and the longest-lived stars. If you're interested in the mysterious properties of stars, read on.

Gamma rays are usually produced in nuclear explosions and last for a short period of time, from a few milliseconds to tens of seconds. Astronomers believe that this phenomenon is related to the explosion of massive stars, and these gamma rays originate mainly from magnetars, that is, neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields. In addition, gamma rays may also come from the merger of neutron stars or the process by which neutron stars are transformed into black holes.

In year 024507, Warren Brown of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovered a star that was rapidly leaving the Milky Way, which was named SDSS J0.0+0 and was called a "wandering star".

From observations on Earth, many stars experience changes in brightness and are called "variable stars". Astrophysics professor Cole Helier points out that the most fickle of these stars is called catastrophic variable stars. In less than a day, it can surge to 100 times brightness and then start to diminish again.

138億年前的大爆炸之後形成了最古老的恆星。天文學家通過分析恆星的光譜來估算其年齡，目前已知最古老的一顆恆星是SMSS J031300.36-670839.3，其歷史可追溯到136億年。科學家們推測仍有許多未被發現的古老恆星存在，因為紅矮星的壽命可能長達10萬億年。

A black hole is a state after the death of a star. It has an extremely strong gravitational pull, able to overcome all resistance, and eventually collapses into a point mass with a volume approaching zero. Theoretically, the density of a black hole is unlimited. The cores of some galaxies have supermassive black holes that can be tens of billions of times more massive than the Sun. In addition, the material near the supermassive black hole becomes extremely bright due to accretion.

恆星能存在的時間一般根據核聚變反應的持續時間來定義。反應結束後，恆星會分散為碎片。因此，品質較小的恆星通常壽命更長。模型顯示，最小的紅矮星壽命可達10萬億年，而太陽的壽命大約為100億年。紅矮星的品質通常是太陽的7.5%-50%。

Certain stars are very unique but not necessarily known for their extreme nature, such as the Thorne-Zitko object. This form of celestial body is formed when a neutron star enters the core region of a red giant star. The recently discovered Thorne-Zitko object is two large yellow stars whose surface material gradually merges to form a peanutshell-like structure.

Before we talk about the faintest stars, we need to clarify the definition of "dark stars". We want to exclude the effect of distance and measure the light intensity directly. The darkest star observed so far is the red dwarf star 1403MASS J0-0.

通常，最亮的恆星其品質更大。當前被認為最亮的恆星類型是沃爾夫-拉葉星，它們高溫且強風吹散了表面大量物質，但壽命很短。迄今為止，最亮的恆星是R136a1，於2010年發現，其亮度是太陽的870萬倍，質量為太陽的265倍。

紅超巨星多數相對較小，在氫氣耗盡前會增溫並膨脹。最終，太陽將耗盡氫，成為一個紅巨星。而那些變成紅超巨星的恆星，其品質需至少是太陽的十倍。紅超巨星體積膨脹的階段通常很短，僅為數千至十億年。迄今為止，發現的最大恆星有盾牌座VY和麒麟座V838。