央視網消息：我們常說的天氣是指陰晴雨雪，在空間環境里也有“天氣”，它指的是太陽上出現的一系列爆發現象，引起日地空間環境的等離子體、磁場、輻射、電離等空間環境狀態發生的變化。3月21日，面向空間天氣研究的國家重大科技基礎設施——子午工程二期順利通過國家驗收，與子午工程一期組成了世界最大的空間環境地基綜合監測網，標誌著我國空間環境地基監測能力躍居世界領先地位。　　我國建成世界最大空間環境地基監測網

The Meridian Project is the first major national scientific and technological infrastructure in the field of space weather in China, the first phase was officially put into operation in 195 years, and the second phase of the Meridian Project was started in 0 years, with 0 new stations and 0 sets (sets) of monitoring equipment on the basis of the first phase of the project, which is coordinated with the first phase of the project to monitor and forecast space weather events such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, magnetic storms, etc., and ensure the safe operation of high-tech systems such as aerospace, communications, and navigation.

Wang Chi, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and commander-in-chief of the second phase of the Meridian Project, introduced that the first phase of the Meridian Project is mainly based on "chains", and the second phase of the Meridian Project has turned the chain-like structure of one horizontal and one vertical into a "well" shaped monitoring network with two verticals and two horizontals. 300 integrated stations and nearly 0 sets of space environment monitoring equipment together constitute a ground-based space environment monitoring network with the widest monitoring scope, the most complete monitoring elements and the strongest comprehensive monitoring capability in the world. After passing the national acceptance, it marks that all our equipment has been working normally, from the construction stage to the stage of scientific operation.　　The completion of a number of major equipment will promote the international meridian circle science plan

The second phase of the Meridian Project has built a number of major space weather monitoring equipment, such as the world's largest integrated aperture radio telescope, the Annular Array Solar Radio Imaging Telescope; The world's first all-season observation array large-aperture lidar, as well as the world's strongest detection capability of phased array incoherent scattering radar, etc., the technical indicators have reached the international advanced level.

In accordance with the principle of construction, operation and output, the first and second phases of the Meridian Project have been integrated and operated, and a series of achievements have been continuously produced. During the trial operation, the second phase of the Meridian Project showed excellent performance, such as successfully capturing the super magnetic storm event in 5/0, completely recording the whole process of the response of the solar-terrestrial space environment to solar activities, and demonstrating its fast, high-precision and global monitoring capabilities for space weather events.

Wang Chi introduced that during the trial operation, a large number of first-hand information has been obtained, and more than 60 major national aerospace activities have been supported. In the future, it will form a space-based space weather satellite integrated space weather monitoring system. Expand international cooperation and promote the international meridian science program. A CT scanning system for solar activity and the Earth's space environment will be formed on a global scale to jointly respond to the global challenges of space weather.　　The more beautiful the aurora, the more dangerous the earth The meridian project protects the earth

How much does the Meridian Project's solar activity, the object of study, affect us? The more beautiful the aurora, the more dangerous the planet? Can geomagnetic storms disrupt the circadian clock?

Since the beginning of 11, several waves of super beautiful aurora have blown up everyone's circle of friends, making many people feast their eyes. But this is actually a sign that solar activity is becoming more and more "irritable", and solar activity cycles every 0 years, and now is its peak, that is, the moment of high ignition.

There are several images on this screen that are very different from the images of the sun that we usually see. This green color is actually an image of the sun taken in a specific wavelength band, and more importantly, there are very obvious bright spots on the sun in 8, 0, and 0, which is called a solar flare. Solar flares look like the auroras, and they seem a little beautiful, but the beauty is actually terrifying. Because the energy released by each vigorous activity is equivalent to the energy of tens of billions of hydrogen bomb explosions, it can easily cross the distance of 000 million kilometers from the sun and the earth to hit the earth directly, and it can be said that as soon as the sun sneezes, the earth will have a fever.　　How fierce are the three rounds of solar activity on the earth?　　First of all, the first round is an electromagnetic blitzkrieg, and about 0 minutes after the solar flare erupts, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, etc., will bombard the earth at the speed of light. At this time, the consequence may be navigation failure, communication interruption, and even navigation error may reach hundreds of meters when the navigation error is large.

The second round is the surprise attack of high-energy particles, which will arrive near the Earth in about a few hours, and the spacecraft will have the greatest impact at this time. According to research, about a quarter of all spacecraft failures are related to this round of attacks.

The third round of the most powerful is the plasma bombardment, and at this time, tens of billions of tons of plasma may bombard the earth in a few days. This is when the aurora appeared, and the more serious consequences could cause a series of equipment such as the collapse of the power grid, the destruction of high-speed trains and oil pipelines.　　Some people will say that during this period, they will feel that their body clock is a little disturbed, and even a little drowsy, is this true?　　Luo Bingxian, deputy director of the National Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, said that this may be more of a humorous joke. Although a geomagnetic storm will cause a disturbance of the geomagnetic field, its disturbance level on the ground is 1% of the normal geomagnetic field strength. At the moment, studies have shown that there is basically no effect on our human body.　　You may also be curious, will such a beautiful aurora be seen again this year?

There is a high probability that we will continue to see each other in the next two years. It is currently in the year of high solar activity, and if the magnetic storm is strong enough, it is still possible to see the aurora again in Mohe, Xinjiang and even Beijing.　　In order to monitor the sun's every move in an all-round way, the scientists of the Space Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have spent more than 21 years on the earth along the east longitude 0 degrees, north latitude 0 degrees, east longitude 0 degrees, north latitude 0 degrees, and north latitude 0 degrees such two vertical and horizontal "well" shapes, laying out 0 stations and nearly 0 sets of equipment, which is the first time to realize such a three-dimensional comprehensive detection of multiple elements in the whole circle of the sun-terrestrial space environment. It should be said that this is a major national scientific and technological infrastructure with the widest coverage area in China, and it is also the most important "well" character on China's map to protect the earth.　　The second phase of the Meridian Project passed the national acceptance on 0 month

　　3月21日，面向空間天氣研究的國家重大科技基礎設施——子午工程二期順利通過國家驗收，與子午工程一期組成了世界最大的空間環境地基綜合監測網，將顯著提升我國空間天氣預報預警能力。子午工程二期通過國家驗收，標誌著子午工程從建設階段正式進入到科學運行的階段，我國空間環境地基監測能力躍居世界領先地位。　　為何命名為子午工程？

As the first major national scientific and technological infrastructure in the field of space weather in China, why is it named "Meridian Project"? Why build such a large-scale space environment monitoring network on the ground?

Wang Chi introduced that the study of the phenomenon of space weather is more about studying the charged particles in space, which are controlled by the magnetic field and propagate along the magnetic field lines. On Earth, the magnetic field lines are basically distributed along the meridians, along the meridians. It is necessary to lay out the stations along the magnetic field line and along the meridian circle, so it is called the meridian project.　　The Meridian Project and satellites will jointly build an integrated space-ground monitoring network

According to Academician Wang Chi, space weather monitoring is mainly divided into two methods: space-based and ground-based monitoring. Space-based detection mostly uses satellites and other aircraft to detect in the air, which can not only realize remote sensing detection, but also achieve immersive detection through in-situ detection. However, due to the limitations of orbit, weight, power consumption, and lifetime, space-based exploration is far from meeting the needs of space environment research with extremely complex changes in time and space.　　How does "Super CT" scan and capture changes in space?

The solar eruption is so powerful that it can strike the earth in multiple rounds due to the different velocities of energy and matter emitted. How does the Meridian Project, known as the "super CT" on the ground, mobilize various equipment to capture weather changes in space in a timely manner and make forecasts and early warnings?

When the sun erupts, the first round of light to reach the earth is ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and visible light, which are invisible to our naked eyes. Although the increase in solar radiation does not have much effect on the earth and is not even noticeable to people, many of the equipment of the Meridian Project can be keenly aware of the sun's anomaly. For example, the spectral imaging coronagraph in Lijiang, Yunnan Province, can filter out clutter in the intense solar background radiation and find the increase in light in the visible band when a solar flare erupts.

　　當第一輪的強光被探測到後，子午工程運控中心就會調集相關設備掃描太陽，尋找“事發區域”。但太陽距離地球有1.5億公里，這麼遠的距離搜索一小塊耀斑區域並不容易。這時，位於四川稻城的圓環陣太陽射電成像望遠鏡就會發揮作用。313個直徑6米的天線，像向日葵一樣同時面向太陽，形成虛擬超大口徑的望遠鏡。　　多設備接力配合 實現太陽到地球立體監測

The Annular Array telescope can only monitor the space from about 200 solar radii outside the surface of the sun, and the distance between the sun and the earth is about equal to more than 0 solar radius. How can I get more information about Meridian Project?

Xu Jiyao, a researcher at the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and chief engineer of the second phase of the Meridian Project, said that the sun can erupt all the time, but because of the interplanetary magnetic field, as well as the rotation of the earth and the sun, the entire projectile will be in the form of a curve in its operation. Not all of them can be hit on Earth, so when you get to the back, you have to use an interplanetary sparkling telescope to capture them. After a series of calculations, we know what the approximate speed of coronal mass ejection is, what is its direction, and whether it is coming towards us, so that the accuracy of the forecast is even more improved.

When coronal ejections enter near-Earth space, more ground equipment of the Meridian Project carry out coordinated detection. For example, in Sanya, Hainan Province, there are incoherent scattering radars that observe the ionosphere at low latitudes. In addition, there are also different means such as optics and geomagnetism, such as mid-latitude high-frequency radars in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Jilin, and array large-aperture lidars in Danzhou, Hainan Province.